Course Outcomes (COs) :

After completing this course satisfactorily, a student will be able to.

•   Confidently operate desktop computers to carry out computational tasks.

•  Understand working of Hardware and software and the importance of operating systems

•    Understand programming languages, number system, peripheral devices, networking, multimedia and Internet concepts

•   Read, understand and trace the execution of programs written in C languages

•  Write the C code for a given problem

•  Perform input and output operations using programs in C

•  Write programs that perform operations on arrays Course Content.

UNIT-I

Basic concepts of Programming languages, Programming Domains, Language Evaluation criteria and language categories, Evolution of major programming languages. Describing syntax and semantics formal methods of describing syntax, Pseudo code, Design of Algorithm & Flowchart

UNIT-II

Fundamentals of C: History and importance of C, basic structure and execution ofC programs, constants, variables, and data types and various type of declarations, different type operators and expressions, evaluation of expressions, operator precedence and associability. Managing input and output operations, decision making and branching.

Iteration: while, do.. while, for loop, nested ioops, break & continue, goto statements.

UNIT-III

Arrays and Strings: One-dimensional arrays and their declaration and initialization, two- dimensional arrays and their initializations, character arrays (One and Two dimensional), reading and writing strings, string - handling functions.

Functions: Need and elements for user —defined functions, definition of functions, return values and their types, function calls and declaration, recursion, parameter passing, passing arrays and strings to functions, the scope, visibility and life time of variables.

UNIT-IV

Understanding Pointers: Accessing the address of a variable, declaration and initialization of pointer variables, accessing a variable through its pointer, pointers and arrays, pointers and function arguments, functions returning pointers.

Structures and Unions: Defining structure, declaring structure variable and accessin8 structure members, initialization of structure, operation on individual members, and array of structures, union, size of structure.

 .         Programming Language Basics.................................. 1

Introduction.......................................................................................... 1

Definition............................................................................................. 1

History of Programming Language:............................................................. 1

Importance and Need of Studying Programming Languages                . 2 Features of Good Programming Languages.............................................................................................. 3

Basic Programming Concepts..................................................................... 3

Classification Of Programming Languages.................................................... 4

Programming Domains............................................................................. 4

Language Evaluation Criteria and Categories :                          . 6 Categories of Programming Languages:........................................................................................................... 7

Imperative programming language:                                                            . 7

Functional programming language.............................................................. 7

Interpreted language................................................................................. 7

Compiled language.................................................................................. 8

Exercise............................................................................................... 8

2.         Syntax and Semantics.............................................. 10

Introduction........................................................................................ 10

Syntax:.............................................................................................. 10

Level of Syntax:.................................................................................. 10

Syntax Definition:                                                                                10

Syntax Graphs.................................................................................... 12

Semantics:.......................................................................................... 13

Approaches:                                                                                        13

Pseudocode........................................................................................ 14

Algorithm Design................................................................................ 15

Expressing Algorithms......................................................................... 16

Flow Chart......................................................................................... 17

Symbol of Flowchart........................................................................... 18

Advantages of Flowcharts.................................................................... 20

Disadvantages of Flowcharts................................................................ 20

Exercise............................................................................................. 21

Overview of C........................................................... 23

Introduction........................................................................................ 23

History of C....................................................................................... 23

Translator in C Language..................................................................... 23

Importance of C................................................................................. 25

Features of C...................................................................................... 25

C Program Structure............................................................................ 26

The Simplest C Program...................................................................... 27

Statements in C program...................................................................... 28

Comments in C progam....................................................................... 28

Execution of C Program....................................................................... 28

Constant Variables and Data Types....................................................... 29

Character Set...................................................................................... 29

Tri-graph Characters............................................................................ 29

C TOKEN.......................................................................................... 30

Keywords........................................................................................... 30

Constants                                                                                            30

Basic Types of Constants:                                                                     31

Numeric Constants.............................................................................. 31

Character Constant.............................................................................. 32